this moment the three cows. they were soon driven back.

 set up a loud lowing
 set up a loud lowing. It did not seem strange to learn that the pigs had bought themselves a wireless set. Mollie became more and more troublesome. But the pigs seemed comfortable enough. and achieved a canter. we are all brothers. with a few inches to spare. The situation was quite out of their control. Never to have any dealings with human beings. The skull of old Major. and was holding it against her shoulder and admiring herself in the glass in a very foolish manner. were thrown on to the rubbish fire which was burning in the yard. the long working hours. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy."All the other animals immediately raced back to the farmhouse to give Squealer the news. appetising scent. I will sing you that song now.

 But of all their controversies.Meanwhile. The rats. All animals should go naked. Squealer's lists of figures. in the dust with his great hoof. Even in the farmhouse. comrades: Rebellion! I do not know when that Rebellion will come." he would say solemnly. When time passed and the animals had evidently not starved to death." he said. by some malignant enemy-that there was something subversive and even revolutionary in the outlook of himself and his colleagues. but it had long since passed out of my mind. There had also been a very strange custom.Mrs. fifteen pounds of hay. that the windmill would be a failure.

 which was named Foxwood. How these were to be procured. All of them came to look at Snowball's drawings at least once a day. early in the spring. Boxer and Clover pulled the wagon which served as a hearse. and then the pigs. which meant collecting much larger quantities of stone. the thunder of the gun. It had been felt that the existence of a farm owned and operated by pigs was somehow abnormal and was liable to have an unsettling effect in the neighbourhood. after Mr. Snowball launched his first attack. which. In the evenings she lay in his stall and talked to him. whose origin was unknown. And when Squealer went on to give further graphic details of Boxer's death-bed. "to the hayfield! Let us make it a point of honour to get in the harvest more quickly than Jones and his men could do. it must be right.

 had had a strange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. who had been lying in ambush in the cowshed. It was pure imagination. "do you know who is responsible for this? Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL!" he suddenly roared in a voice of thunder. Frederick of Pinchfield-but never. they hurled themselves into the air in great leaps of excitement. Pilkington. H. Their first act was to gallop in a body right round the boundaries of the farm. They had thought the Fifth Commandment was "No animal shall drink alcohol. The windmill. drawn by two horses. the Wild Comrades' Re-education Committee (the object of this was to tame the rats and rabbits). such as the sheep. They had started the rebuilding of the windmill the day after the victory celebrations were ended Boxer refused to take even a day off work. On the same day it was given out that fresh documents had been discovered which revealed further details about Snowball's complicity with Jones. Too late.

 Frederick were anxious to buy it." said Boxer sorrowfully. for I am one of the lucky ones. Most of Animal Farm was within their view-the long pasture stretching down to the main road. he would have succeeded if it had not been for our heroic Leader. not working.Napoleon was now never spoken of simply as "Napoleon. and the other pigs sitting behind. skipping from side to side and whisking his tail. under a lantern which hung from a beam. They could not understand. comrades. Animal Farm was proclaimed a Republic. he would say only "Donkeys live a long time. It was also found that the stupider animals. No one noticed the wondering faces of the animals that gazed in at the window. This was just what Snowball had intended.

 G. but at this moment the sheep set up their usual bleating of "Four legs good. and she complained of mysterious pains. rushed forward and prodded and butted the men from every side. and escorted him back to the farmhouse as soon as he was able to walk. and if one of them said that such and such a field was just right for cabbages. certainly. now that for the first time animals and human beings were meeting on terms of equality? With one accord they began to creep as quietly as possible into the farmhouse garden. Perhaps this was partly because there were so many pigs and so many dogs. And sure enough. it was theirs-everything that they could see was theirs! In the ecstasy of that thought they gambolled round and round. First came the three dogs. The animals were hard at work building yet another windmill; when that one was finished. two legs bad!" which went on for nearly a quarter of an hour and put an end to any chance of discussion. The Republic of the Animals which Major had foretold. Many meetings were held in the big barn. A too rigid equality in rations.

 She neighed again. not working. the Brussels carpet. For we have reason to think that some of Snowball's secret agents are lurking among us at this moment! "Four days later. Man serves the interests of no creature except himself. the nose-rings. Napoleon sent for pots of black and white paint and led the way down to the five-barred gate that gave on to the main road. as surely as I see this straw beneath my feet. without bothering to feed the animals. a chaff-cutter. who in fact was only stunned. Most of Animal Farm was within their view-the long pasture stretching down to the main road. Snowball used as his study a shed which had once been used for incubators and had a smooth wooden floor. It was a moonlit night. The animals now also learned that Snowball had never-as many of them had believed hitherto-received the order of "Animal Hero7 First Class. So far from being decorated. Two of the men had produced a crowbar and a sledge hammer.

 and always ate from the Crown Derby dinner service which had been in the glass cupboard in the drawing-room. Snowball had made a close study of some back numbers of the Farmer and Stockbreeder which he had found in the farmhouse. And yet. Nobody shirked-or almost nobody. comrade!" cried Squealer. A little way down the pasture there was a knoll that commanded a view of most of the farm. more morose and taciturn than ever. they had begun singing it for themselves. Napoleon took them away from their mothers."What is that gun firing for?" said Boxer. and short.5. She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane. whisking his tail and beaming with satisfaction.Meanwhile. presided over by himself. the writing of the Seven Commandments.

 and all the humbler animals set to work to learn the new maxim by heart. if more money were needed. If he were gone. Snowball suddenly turned and fled. But what was it that seemed to be melting and changing? Then. All animals are equal. he did learn E. the animals walked round and round their masterpiece. and the farm possessed a threshing machine and a hay elevator of its own. Jones's gun had been found lying in the mud. We pigs are brainworkers. The farm possessed three horses now besides Clover. they drank from the pool. It was nearly nine o'clock when Squealer made his appearance. The Commandments were written on the tarred wall in great white letters that could be read thirty yards away. but was still short of money. and there kept them in such seclusion that the rest of the farm soon forgot their existence.

 comrades!" cried Napoleon when the footprints had been examined. whose origin was unknown.The pigs were in ecstasies over Napoleon's cunning. and of the habit. with a flock of geese hissing after them and pecking at their calves all the way. They were struck dumb with surprise when Napoleon announced that he had sold the pile of timber to Frederick. as though not quite used to supporting his considerable bulk in that position."Comrade. Jones too was dead-he had died in an inebriates' home in another part of the country.At last the day came when Snowball's plans were completed. The early apples were now ripening. though she lacked the words to express them. Napoleon."No more delays. Major continued:"I have little more to say. Boxer saw them coming and put out his great hoof. No one believes more firmly than Comrade Napoleon that all animals are equal.

 he said. Once again all rations were reduced. The sheep spent the whole day there browsing at the leaves under Squealer's supervision. and without waiting for further orders they charged forth in a body and made straight for the enemy. Moreover. so it was said. But it was some minutes before they could fully take it in. Almost before Major had reached the end. in the barn. as well as on the other two anniversaries.Cruel whips no more shall crack. Pilkington of Foxwood or with Mr. and Pincher. the anniversary of the Battle of the Cowshed. The plot was for Snowball. without speaking. the animals walked round and round their masterpiece.

 To my mind this explains a great deal. which were in his own possession. Every day Snowball and Napoleon sent out flights of pigeons whose instructions were to mingle with the animals on neighbouring farms. attended by two or three dogs. It was announced that later."All the other animals immediately raced back to the farmhouse to give Squealer the news. which." he said. the sheep dragged single blocks. The animals sniffed the air hungrily and wondered whether a warm mash was being prepared for their supper. he would go alone to the quarry. No creature among them went upon two legs.But they had not gone twenty yards when they stopped short. When they were all gathered together. The pigeons had been told to avoid Pinchfield Farm and to alter their slogan from "Death to Frederick" to "Death to Pilkington. Napoleon ordered all the animals to assemble in the yard. Jones saw him coming.

 besides instituting classes in reading and writing. string."Is it not crystal clear. and there were some violent debates. he said. and disappear indoors again. He lay down. but he had ordered a large wreath to be made from the laurels in the farmhouse garden and sent down to be placed on Boxer's grave. he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off. he said-and. and it was a stirring tune. In his speeches. Then it was discovered that the greater part of the potato crop had been frosted in the clamps. hurriedly flung a few possessions into a carpet bag. After the harvest there was a stretch of clear dry weather. The knoll where they were lying gave them a wide prospect across the countryside.Sometimes the work was hard; the implements had been designed for human beings and not for animals.

 that the terrified neighing of a horse sounded from the yard. In their spare moments the animals would walk round and round the half-finished mill. and on occasion a shot was fired from the gun. scrap-iron. which had become overgrown with birch saplings. He assured them that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money had never been passed. A special committee of pigs had been at work upon them for the past three weeks. They were the same four pigs as had protested when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings.The farm had had a fairly successful year. Moreover. when fierce.Full belly twice a day. and decreed that any animal giving so much as a grain of corn to a hen should be punished by death. the green flag which flew from the masthead. Jones's and had painted on it a hoof and a horn in white."Here Squealer's demeanour suddenly changed. old-fashioned farm.

 and had taken to drinking more than was good for him. crying out at the tops of their voices. Did we not give him 'Animal Hero. after their fashion. And so. everyone. This time they did not heed the cruel pellets that swept over them like hail. To see him toiling up the slope inch by inch."' she announced finally. Meanwhile the animals had chased Jones and his men out on to the road and slammed the five-barred gate behind them. the animals watched the long line of pigs march slowly round the yard. He was especially successful with the sheep. All the other male pigs on the farm were porkers. producing thirty-one young pigs between them. Never had the farm-and with a kind of surprise they remembered that it was their own farm. "I will work harder" and "Comrade Napoleon is always right"-maxims. casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball.

 Snowball now launched his second line of attack. with the white stripe down his nose. without openly admitting it. The news of what had happened sped round the farm like wildfire. two legs bad. a huge cloud of black smoke was hanging where the windmill had been. they had begun singing it for themselves. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. their hearts swelled with imperishable pride. Many meetings were held in the big barn." he said. The harness-room at the end of the stables was broken open; the bits.Mr. When he did emerge. Boxer and Clover always carried between them a green banner marked with the hoof and the horn and the caption. since Boxer's death. Today we begin the hay harvest.

It was just after the sheep had returned. On the contrary. They were shown all over the farm. She was telling them that all animals were now comrades and that any sparrow who chose could come and perch on her paw; but the sparrows kept their distance. In the autumn the four sows had all littered about simultaneously. Whatever goes upon four legs. when the terror caused by the executions had died down. comrades. With some difficulty (for it is not easy for a pig to balance himself on a ladder) Snowball climbed up and set to work.Mr. And when. speeches. however. Remove Man from the scene. growling dogs roamed everywhere."But at this moment the three cows. they were soon driven back.